麝香是天然香料,属动物性香料之一,又名:当门子、脐香、麝脐香、四味臭、臭子、腊子、香脐子。主要分布于东北、华北及陕西、甘肃、青海、四州、西藏、云南、贵州、广西、湖北、河南、安徽等地。我省豫西山区卢氏,豫南山区均有分布。麝香,为鹿科动物麝的雄性香腺囊中的分泌物干燥而成,是一种高级香料,如果在室内放一丁点,使会满屋清香,气味迥异。麝香不仅芳香宜人,而且香味持久。麝香在我国使用,已有悠久历史。唐代诗人杜甫在《丁香》诗中遇:"晚坠兰麝中"。麝香是配制高级香精的重要原料。古代文人、诗人、画家都在上等麝料中加少许麝香,制成"麝墨"写字、作画,芳香清幽,若将字画封妥,可长期保存,防腐防蛀。
麝香是十分名贵的药材,含有丰富的营养成份。含水22.66%、灰分8.62%(其中含钾、钠、钙、镁、氯、硫酸根、磷酸根等)、含氯化合物(中含碳酸铵 1.1%、铵盐中的氨1.89%。尿素0.4%、氨基酸氮1.077%,总氮量6.16%)、胆甾醇2.19%、粗纤维0.59%、脂肪酸5.15%、麝香酮1.2%。麝香性辛、温、无毒、味苦。入心、脾、肝经,有开窍、辟秽、通络、散淤之功能。主治中风、痰厥、惊痫、中恶烦闷、心腹暴痛、跌打损伤、痈疽肿毒。许多临床材料表明,冠心病患者心绞痛发作时,或处于昏厥休克时,服用以麝香为主要成分的苏合丸,病情可以得到缓解。古书《医学入门》中谈"麝香,通关透窍,上达肌肉。内入骨髓......"。《本草纲目》云:"......盖麝香走窜,能通诸窍之不利,开经络之壅遏"。其意是说麝香可很快进入肌肉及骨髓,能充分发挥药性。治疗疮毒时,药中适量加点麝香,药效特别明显。西药用麝香作强心剂兴奋剂等急救药。
麝亦称香獐,哺乳纲,是珍贵的野生动物,生长在大石山的森林中,以树叶、野草、苔藓和野果为食。麝生性机灵,性急好跳蹦,胆小狐独,白天隐伏在偏僻、温暖之处休息,早晚外出活动。动作敏捷,又善跳跃,一般不易捉到。过去采取捕杀野生麝取香,实属"杀鸡取蛋"。为了保护我国珍贵资源,国家规定严禁猎麝,并采取人工饲养,活麝取香的办法,使麝香产量大大增加,已居世界首位。我国还是麝香的主要出口国家。麝香在国外的主绿用途是制造高级化妆品及香水,也是制造某些贵重中成药不可缺少的重要药材原料。
Musk
Musk is a natural animal spice which is mainly produced in Lushi County and the mountain areas in the Western Henan.
Musk is made from dried secretions of male sweet gland capsules, which is a superior spice with lasting fragrant smell. Musk is not only an important element to make superior essences, but also a precious medicinal material and contains plentiful nutrition. It is pungent, warm, non-poisonous and taste bitter in nature. In the terms of its medical functions, it can opening the seven apertures, dredging collaterals, dissipating blood stasis and mainly cure diseases of apoplexy, phlegm syncope, epilepsy, sudden and violent headache, traumatic injuries, pyogenic infections on ulcers and so on.
In order to protect our national precious resources, our country chooses means of artificial feeding and collecting living materials so that the yield improves greatly and has occupied head position in the world become a major musk-exported country.